High Gain L-Band Directional Spiral Antenna /Helical Antenna

A helical antenna/Spiral antenna is a special type of antenna that can transmit and receive polarized electromagnetic signals rotating in space. This kind of antenna is usually used in ground stations for satellite communications and is composed of metal spirals with good conductive properties. It is usually fed through a coaxial cable, where the core wire of the coaxial cable is connected to one end of the spiral wire and the outer conductor is connected to a grounded metal mesh or plate. The radiation characteristics of a spiral antenna are closely related to the circumference of its spiral: when the circumference is much smaller than the wavelength, the main radiation direction is perpendicular to the spiral axis; when the circumference is close to the wavelength, the strongest radiation appears in the direction of the spiral axis.

Helical antennas/Spiral antennas have the following salient features:

1. Radiation is mainly concentrated in the axis direction of the antenna.
2. Able to generate circularly polarized waves, effectively resisting multipath effects and signal interference.
3. The current distribution on the antenna shows a traveling wave shape, which helps to achieve a uniform radiation effect.
4. The input impedance is close to pure resistance, which simplifies the design of the matching network and improves efficiency.
5. It has broadband characteristics and can maintain effective radiation performance within a wide frequency range.

Due to their flat characteristic impedance, excellent circular polarization performance, and excellent end-fire and side-fire capabilities, helical antennas have been widely used in many fields such as aerospace, meteorology, positioning, and relay communications. With the continuous development of wireless communication technology, the superior electrical performance of helical antennas is expected to give them wider application and development space in the future.